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SHORT-RUN SUPPLY CURVE: For a perfectly competitive firm, the marginal cost curve that lies above the average variable cost curve. This segment of the marginal cost guides a perfectly competitive firm's profit maximizing production as it equates price to marginal cost. Because the marginal cost curve is positively sloped (due to the law of diminishing marginal returns), each firm's supply curve and the market supply curve are also positively sloped. The law of diminishing marginal returns thus provides an explanation for the law of supply. However, this only works for firms with NO market control. Monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly, with market control, do not achieve the same result.
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Lesson 11: Circular Flow | Unit 2: Financial Markets
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Page: 10 of 22
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- The main function of financial markets, which is to divert national income from household consumption to business investment.
- The difference between the real or physical side of the economy (the production of goods that satisfy wants and needs) and the paper or financial side (legal claims on or ownership of physical resources, goods, and production).
- How income is diverted from legal-claim buyer to legal-claim seller through the financial markets.
- Why saving can be thought as a nonconsumption use of income, as making a loan, or as supplying income to the financial markets in exchange for a legal claim.
- Two basic reasons to save: (1) in return for an interest payment or (2) to accumulate income that can be spent later.
- Investment, which is business sector expenditures on gross domestic product for capital goods.
- How the business sector borrows income through financial markets and uses this income flow to finance capital investment.
- Why adding saving, investment, and financial markets does not change the total volume of the circular flow.
- That imbalances between saving and investment trigger economic stability, business cycles, unemployment, and inflation.
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CARTEL A formal agreement between businesses in the same industry, usually on an international scale, to gain market control, raise the market price, and otherwise act like a monopoly. The most famous international cartel is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which seeks to exert control over the world oil market. Other cartels have existed, or still exist, in the global markets for uranium, diamonds, long distance telephone services, and airlines.
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ORANGE REBELOON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club trying to buy either a dozen high trajectory optic orange golf balls or a large red and white striped beach towel. Be on the lookout for florescent light bulbs that hum folk songs from the sixties.
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General Electric is the only stock from the original 1896 Dow Jones Industrial Average remaining in the current index.
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"We must be willing to let go of the life we have planned, so as to have the life that is waiting for us. " -- E. M. Forster, writer
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WFTU
World Federation of Trade Unions
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