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ADAM SMITH: A Scottish professor (born 1723, died 1790) who is considered the father of modern economics for his revolutionary book, entitled An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations published in 1776.

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Lesson 11: Circular Flow | Unit 3: Government Page: 14 of 22

Topic: Government Borrowing <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

When government does not collect enough taxes to pay for purchases, it borrows through the financial markets.
  • The federal deficit is borrowing by the federal government to make up the difference between taxes and spending.
  • State and local governments also borrow through financial markets.
  • The green flow leaving the financial markets and entering the government sector is government borrowing.
  • Government sector purchases can be less than taxes, which means government saves to the financial markets.
  • Many state and local governments actually save. State and local saving reduces total government sector borrowing in times of high federal deficits.

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PERFECT COMPETITION, LONG-RUN PRODUCTION ANALYSIS

In the long run, a perfectly competitive firm adjusts plant size, or the quantity of capital, to maximize long-run profit. In addition, the entry and exit of firms into and out of a perfectly competitive market guarantees that each perfectly competitive firm earns nothing more or less than a normal profit. As a perfectly competitive industry reacts to changes in demand, it traces out positive, negative, or horizontal long-run supply curve due to increasing, decreasing, or constant cost.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites seeking to buy either a wall poster commemorating next Thursday or a pair of gray heavy duty boot socks. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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