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DIRECT: The mathematical notion that two variables change in the same direction, that is, an increase in X goes with an increase in Y, or a decrease in X goes with a decrease in Y. The alternative to a direct relation is an inverse relation, in which an increase in one variable goes with a decrease in the other. Direct relations are graphically illustrated by positively-sloped curves, a common example being the supply curve.
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Lesson 12: Business Cycles | Unit 4: Causes
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Page: 19 of 26
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Three points about investment and business cycles:- First: Investment is sensitive to interest rates. Higher interest rates increase the cost of investment borrowing and discourages investment.
- Second: Interest rates rise and fall with the business cycle. During an expansion, interest rates rise enough to discourage investment, and trigger a contraction. During a contraction, interest rates fall enough to encourage investment and cause a new expansion.
- Third: Investment doesn't react immediately to interest rates. The production of capital goods takes time and does not respond instantly to interest rate changes.
Interest-rate-induced changes in investment seem to be a natural cause-and-effect part of business cycles.
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INJECTIONS-LEAKAGES MODEL A macroeconomic model that balances non-consumption expenditures on production (injections) and non-consumption uses of income (leakages) that is used to identify the equilibrium level of, and analyze disruptions to, aggregate production and income. The injections-leakages model is based on the principles of Keynesian economics and provides an alternative to the standard aggregate expenditures (Keynesian cross) analysis. The three injections included in the model are investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports. The three leakages included in the model are saving, taxes, and imports. Three variations are the two-sector injections-leakages model (or saving-investment model), three-sector injections-leakages model, and four-sector injections-leakages model.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through the yellow pages looking to buy either a flower arrangement for your aunt or a birthday greeting card for your uncle. Be on the lookout for florescent light bulbs that hum folk songs from the sixties.
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Junk bonds are so called because they have a better than 50% chance of default, carrying a Standard & Poor's rating of CC or lower.
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"The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining." -- John F. Kennedy, 35th U. S. president
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ACCR
Annual Cost of Capital Recovery
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