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LRTC: The abbreviation for long-run total cost, which is the opportunity cost incurred by all of the factors of production used in the long run (when all inputs are variable) by a firm to produce of a good or service, including wages paid to labor, rent paid for the land, interest paid to capital owners, and a normal profit paid to entrepreneurs. Unlike short-run total cost, long-run total cost can not be separated into fixed cost and variable cost. In the long run, all inputs are variable, so all cost is variable.

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Lesson 19: Money Creation | Unit 3: Modern Banking Page: 14 of 23

Topic: Total Creation <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

The amount of checkable deposits created is a multiple of the amount of excess reserves of the banking system.
  • When banks makes loans, they create deposits, and create money.
When does the process stop?
  • Banks will create $900 of deposits, which added to the original $100 deposit, gives $1,000 of deposits that did not previously exist.
Why?
  • The $100 in reserves added to the first bank are used to back, in total, $1,000 of deposits.
  • If banks keep 10% of deposits in reserve, then every $1 of new reserves can be used to back $10 of new deposits.
  • This is the result of banks practicing fractional-reserve banking.

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MARGINAL FACTOR COST CURVE

A curve that graphically represents the relation between marginal factor cost incurred by a firm for hiring an input and the quantity of input employed. A profit-maximizing firm hires the quantity of input found at the intersection of the marginal factor cost curve and marginal revenue product curve. The marginal factor cost curve for a firm with no market control is horizontal. The marginal factor cost curve for a firm with market control is positively sloped and lies above the average factor cost curve.

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