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INFLATION CAUSES: Inflation is a persistent increase in the economy's average price level. The two basic types (or causes) of inflation: demand-pull inflation and cost-push inflation. Demand-pull inflation, as the name clearly indicates, results when economy-wide shortages are created by increases in aggregate demand. Cost-push inflation results when an economy-wide shortages are created by decreases in aggregate supply, which are so named because they are more often than not triggered by increases in production cost.

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Lesson 2: Economic Science | Unit 3: Verification Page: 9 of 20

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An hypothesis is a possible, even probable, scientific relationship. An hypotheses is a candidate to become a principle. Hypothesis must be tested before becoming principles.
  • A possible hypothesis: The distance between a passing car and a jogger depends on the driver's political philosophy.
  • Alternative hypotheses can also explain differences in distance between jogger and passing car.
An hypothesis that seems reasonable is not necessarily right. It must be verified with real world data.
  • The scientific method does not accept an explanation at face value. It needs to prove an explanation is correct.
  • Scientists check to see if a reasonable explanation is consistent with the data. The scientific process is all about verifying hypotheses.
  • To test our hypothesis, ask people about passing distance and political affiliation.
  • While subjective data, based on asking people, can be useful, objective methods of data collection are usually preferred. Let's use lasers.
  • Government is a fruitful source of objective data.

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CHANGE IN PRIVATE INVENTORIES

The increase or decrease in the stocks of final goods, intermediate goods, raw materials, and other inputs that businesses keep on hand to use in production. Formerly termed change in business inventories, this is one of two main categories of gross private domestic investment included in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The other category is fixed investment. Change in private inventories tend to be about 3 to 5 percent of gross private domestic investment.

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Junk bonds are so called because they have a better than 50% chance of default, carrying a Standard & Poor's rating of CC or lower.
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