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BANK RESERVES: The "money" that banks use to conduct day-to-day business, including cashing checks, satisfying customers's withdrawals, and clearing checks between accounts at different banks. The "money" in question includes vault cash and Federal Reserve deposits. Specifically, vault cash is the paper money and coins that a bank keeps on the bank premises (both in the vault and in teller drawers), which is used to "cash" checks and otherwise provide the funds that customers withdraw. Federal Reserve deposits are accounts that banks keep with the Federal Reserve System, which are used to process, in a systematic, centralized fashion, the millions of checks written each day by customers of one bank that are deposited by customers of another bank. Using these deposits, the Fed acts as a central clearing house for checks, being able to simultaneously debit the account of one bank and credit the account of another. More on the importance of bank reserves can be found under fractional-reserve banking.
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Lesson 4: Production Possibilities | Unit 4: Analysis
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Page: 17 of 24
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Topic:
Resource Quantity and Quality
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Three ways to increase resource quantity.- Labor: Labor increases through (1) natural population growth, (2) immigration from other nations, and (3) more participation and fewer nonworkers.
- Capital: The key to getting more capital is investment, giving up satisfaction today to get capital tomorrow.
- Materials: The key to increasing their quantity is exploration. Exploration is best illustrated by digging or drilling into the Earth's crust in search of mineral or fossil fuel deposits.
Two ways to increase resource quality.- Education-The Quality of Labor: Education increases the quality of labor resources. Better educated workers are more productive workers.
- Education can be formal, sitting-in-a-classroom or informal, on-the-job-training experience. Both are valuable methods of increasing the quality labor.
- Technology-The Quality of Capital: Technology is the knowledge and information society as a whole possesses concerning the production of goods and services. Better technology enables more production.
- Technology concerns all aspects of production, but it is often seen as an improvement in the quality of capital.
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MARGINAL UTILITY OF INCOME The change in utility resulting from a given change in income. This is a specialized case of the general notion of marginal utility, which is simply the change in utility resulting from a given change in the consumption of a good. Marginal utility of income is key to identifying alternative risk preferences, including risk aversion, risk neutrality, and risk loving. These three risk preferences are indicated by three marginal utility of income possibilities, decreasing (risk aversion), increasing (risk loving), and constant (risk neutrality).
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction hoping to buy either a remote controlled train set or a genuine down-filled snow parka. Be on the lookout for bottles of barbeque sauce that act TOO innocent.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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"The only thing that will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you. " -- Tom Bradley, former Los Angeles mayor
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PSBR
Public Sector Debt Repayment
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