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LRAC CURVE: The common abbreviation for the long-run average cost curve, which is a curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.

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Lesson 9: Macro Basics | Unit 2: Macro Problems Page: 4 of 16

Topic: The Goals <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

A modern, complex economy like the U.S. economy pursues three macro goals:
  • Full employment: Using all available resources for production.
  • Stability: Avoiding inflation and/or fluctuations in the economy.
  • Growth: Lessening the problem of scarcity by increasing production capabilities.
  • We always pursue these goals but conflicts mean we cannot reach them at the same time.
  • More conflicts result from pursuit of the micro goals of efficiency and equity.
  • Macroeconomic problems from not reaching this goals are: production, unemployment, and inflation.

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SCARCE RESOURCE

A resource with an available quantity less than its desired use. Scarce, or economic, resources are also called factors of production and are generally classified as either labor, capital, land, or entrepreneurship. Scarce resources are the workers, equipment, raw materials, and organizers used to produce scarce goods. Like the more general society-wide condition of scarcity, a given resource falls into the scarce category because it has a limited availability in combination with greater (potentially unlimited) productive uses.

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