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GOVERNMENT SECURITY: A financial instrument used by the federal government to borrow money. Government securities are issued by the U.S. Treasury to cover the federal government's budget deficit. Much like consumers who borrow money from banks to finance the purchase of a house or car, the federal government borrows money to finance some of its expenditures. These securities include small denomination ($25, $50, or $100), nonnegotiable Series EE savings bonds purchased by consumers. The really serious money, however, is borrowed using larger denomination securities ($100,000 or more) purchased by banks, corporations, foreign governments, and others with large sums of money to lend.

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Lesson 9: Macro Basics | Unit 2: Macro Problems Page: 4 of 16

Topic: The Goals <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

A modern, complex economy like the U.S. economy pursues three macro goals:
  • Full employment: Using all available resources for production.
  • Stability: Avoiding inflation and/or fluctuations in the economy.
  • Growth: Lessening the problem of scarcity by increasing production capabilities.
  • We always pursue these goals but conflicts mean we cannot reach them at the same time.
  • More conflicts result from pursuit of the micro goals of efficiency and equity.
  • Macroeconomic problems from not reaching this goals are: production, unemployment, and inflation.

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AVERAGE FACTOR COST CURVE, MONOPSONY

A curve that graphically represents the relation between average factor cost incurred by a firm for employing an input and the quantity of input used. Because average factor cost is essentially the price of the input, the average factor cost curve is also the supply curve for the input. The average factor cost curve for a firm with no market control is horizontal. The average factor cost curve for a firm with market control is positively sloped.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a dollar discount store wanting to buy either a T-shirt commemorating the second moon landing or a coffee cup commemorating Thor Heyerdahl's Pacific crossing aboard the Kon-Tiki. Be on the lookout for strangers with large satchels of used undergarments.
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The average length of a "business lunch" is about 36 minutes.
"Always vote for principle, though you may vote alone, and you may cherish the sweetest reflection that your vote is never lost. "

-- John Quincy Adams, 6th US president

ECLA
Economic Commission for Latin America
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