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NEED: This is often thought of as a physiological or biological requirement for maintaining life, such as the need for air, water, food, shelter, and sleep. Satisfaction is achieved by fulfilling needs. Physiological needs should be contrasted with psychological wants that make life more enjoyable but are not necessary to stay alive. However, when push comes to shove, and the nitty gets down to the gritty, it matters very little to markets if people need goods or want goods, so long as they are motivated to satisfy them. This motivation is what drives economic activity.
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Lesson 20: Oligopoly | Unit 2: Structure
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Page: 10 of 24
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In this unit, you should have learned about:- How oligopoly is characterized by significant concentration that is indicated by market share, the concentration ratio, or the Herfindahl index.
- The concentration ratio, which is the proportion of total sales accounted for by the top firms in the industry, as one measure of concentration in an oligopoly market.
- How 4-firm and 8-firm concentration ratios calculated and are used to indicate high, medium, and low level concentration in an industry.
- The Herfindahl index, which is the sum of the squares of market shares of the firms in the industry, as another measure of concentration in an oligopoly market.
- How the Herfindahl index is calculated and used to indicate high, medium, and low level concentration in an industry.
- How oligopoly is also characterized by high entry barriers, including start up cost, resource ownership, decreasing average cost, government authorization, and trade barriers.
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HYPOTHESIS A reasonable proposition about the workings of the world that is inspired or implied by a theory and which may or may not be true. A hypothesis is essentially a prediction made by a theory that can be compared with observations in the real world. A hypothesis usually takes the form: "If A, then also B." The essence of the scientific method is to test, or verify, hypotheses against real world data. If supported by data over and over again, a hypothesis becomes a principle.
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for a specialty store looking to buy either a birthday gift for your grandmother or a T-shirt commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for the last item on a shelf.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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"Sometimes our light goes out, but is blown into flame by another human being. Each of us owes deepest thanks to those who have rekindled this light. " -- Albert Schweitzer, missionary physician
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CPI-W
Consumer Price Index-Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
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