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KALDOR-HICKS IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if the willingness to pay of those benefiting exceed the willingness to accept of those harmed. In other words, if those gains exceed those losses, or the benefits exceed the costs, then social welfare is improved and undertaking the action provides a net benefit to society. In other words, the winners can, in principle, compensate the losers for their loss, and still come out ahead. The actual compensation, however, is required. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Pareto improvement.
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Lesson 9: Consumer Demand | Unit 4: The Curves
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Page: 16 of 22
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- A graph of total utility is achieved much like many other graphs in economics, by plotting a set of numbers.
- Let's set the stage.
- The axes at the right present the plotting area.
- The horizontal axis measures quantity, the number of hours spent at the beach. This ranges from 0 to 8.
- The vertical axis measures total utility, in utils, ranging from 0 to 40.
- The points plotted come from an infinite number of points that capture the relation between total utility and time at the beach.
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SCARCE RESOURCE A resource with an available quantity less than its desired use. Scarce, or economic, resources are also called factors of production and are generally classified as either labor, capital, land, or entrepreneurship. Scarce resources are the workers, equipment, raw materials, and organizers used to produce scarce goods. Like the more general society-wide condition of scarcity, a given resource falls into the scarce category because it has a limited availability in combination with greater (potentially unlimited) productive uses.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time waiting for visits from door-to-door solicitors seeking to buy either a computer that can play video games and burn DVDs or a black duffle bag with velcro closures. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare; it is because we do not dare that they are difficult. " -- Seneca, statesman, dramatist, philosopher
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M&O
Management and Organization
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