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KALDOR-HICKS IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if the willingness to pay of those benefiting exceed the willingness to accept of those harmed. In other words, if those gains exceed those losses, or the benefits exceed the costs, then social welfare is improved and undertaking the action provides a net benefit to society. In other words, the winners can, in principle, compensate the losers for their loss, and still come out ahead. The actual compensation, however, is required. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Pareto improvement.
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Lesson 11: Circular Flow | Unit 2: Financial Markets
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Page: 8 of 22
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Saving is a nonconsumption use of income, making a loan or supplying income to the financial markets in exchange for a legal claim.- The red financial markets box is a third set of aggregate markets.
- The green flow is saving supplied to the financial markets. It is income diverted from the household sector.
Why save?- To get paid. Interest is the payment for using income.
- Income is needed later more than now. Income is set aside this year to buy more production next year.
Saving does not disappear, it is income diverted away from the consumption flow and supplied, or loaned, to the financial markets.
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FREE RESOURCE A resource that can be used to produce consumer-satisfying goods and services without imposing an opportunity cost on society by preventing the production or consumption of other consumer-satisfying goods or services. Production using free resources often results in free goods.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time waiting for visits from door-to-door solicitors wanting to buy either a weathervane with a horse on top or a case of blank recordable DVDs. Be on the lookout for celebrities who speak directly to you through your television.
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
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"If football taught me anything about business, it is that you win the game one play at a time." -- Fran Tarkenton, Football Player
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OBX
Oslo Stock Exchange (Norway)
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