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FOMC: The abbreviation for Federal Open Market Committee, which is a part of the Federal Reserve System that's specifically responsible for directing open market operations, and is more generally charged with guiding the nation's monetary policy. The FOMC includes the 7 members of the Fed's Board of Governors and 5 of the 12 presidents of Federal Reserve District Banks. The chairman of the Federal Reserve System is also the chairman of the FOMC. By design, the 7 members of the Board of Governors can always outvote the 5 district bank presidents. The FOMC meets every 45 days to evaluate monetary policy.

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Lesson 12: Business Cycles | Unit 2: A Simple Cycle Page: 11 of 26

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  • A business cycle as the pattern of expanding and contracting economic activity relative to the long-run, full-employment trend.
  • A business cycle contraction, or recession, which is officially designated as at least six months of declining economic activity.
  • A business cycle trough, which is turning point between a contraction and an expansion.
  • A business cycle expansion, which is a period of increasing aggregate economic activity, and the early recovery part of an expansion.
  • A business cycle peak, which is the turning point between an expansion and a contraction.

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PERFECT COMPETITION

An ideal market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, identical products sold by all firms, freedom of entry into and exit out of the industry, and perfect knowledge of prices and technology. This is one of four basic market structures. The other three are monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that is not observed in the real world. While unrealistic, it does provide an excellent benchmark that can be used to analyze real world market structures. In particular, perfect competition efficiently allocates resources.

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PURPLE SMARPHIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through the yellow pages hoping to buy either a flower arrangement for that special day for your mother or a New York Yankees baseball cap. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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In the late 1800s and early 1900s, almost 2 million children were employed as factory workers.
"Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. "

-- Benjamin Franklin

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