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FIRST ESTATE: In past centuries, this included the religious leaders and clergy. In modern times, I like to use it in reference to politicians and government leaders who can exert a great deal of control over resources through the coercive powers of government. One historical function of the first estate is to protect the less powerful consumers, taxpayers, and workers of the third estate from the market control typically held by the business leaders of the second estate. It is not uncommon, however, for an unhealthy degree of cooperation between the first and second estates, which often ends up with the enslavement of the third estate (figuratively and literally). At times help is forthcoming from the watchdog journalist of the fourth estate--unless they too have been overtaken by the ruling elite.
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Lesson 12: Business Cycles | Unit 3: Measurement
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Page: 12 of 26
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Since the 1930s Great Depression, when the modern study of economics was prompted, economists have sought indicators of business cycles. Some indicators are: - Real GDP, the unemployment rate, and the inflation rate are useful measures, but they measure only specific aspects of the economy. These may not be the best indicators of overall business cycle activity.Economists have identified three sets of indicators to track business cycles:
- Leading indicators.
- Coincident indicators.
- Lagging indicators.
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ARC ELASTICITY The average elasticity for discrete changes in two variables. The distinguishing characteristic of arc elasticity is that percentage changes are calculated based on the average of initial and ending values of each variable, rather than initial values. Arc elasticity is generally calculated using the midpoint elasticity formula. The contrast to arc elasticity is point elasticity. For infinitesimally small changes in two variables, arc elasticity is the same as point elasticity.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area trying to buy either a pleather CD case or a how-to book on fine dining. Be on the lookout for slow moving vehicles with darkened windows.
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Cyrus McCormick not only invented the reaper for harvesting grain, he also invented the installment payment for selling his reaper.
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"If anything terrifies me, I must try to conquer it. " -- Francis Charles Chichester, yachtsman, aviator
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AIFT
American Institute for Foreign Trade
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