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GOLDSMITH BANKING: An analysis of banking functions based on the semi-realistic activities of the goldsmith profession of Medieval Europe. Because the gold used a production inputs by goldsmiths was also used as money, they developed many modern banking functions, including maintaining deposits, making loans, keeping reserves, and creating money. While the story of goldsmith banking is often embellished for instructional purposes, it does contain the essence of how goldsmiths operated as banks.
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Lesson 12: Business Cycles | Unit 3: Measurement
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Page: 13 of 26
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Leading economic indicators indicate business-cycle activity 3 or 12 months ahead. If leading indicators decline now, then the economy is likely to decline in 3 to 12 months.- Leading indicators are eleven statistics that precede changes in the economy.
- Three notable leading indicators are stock market prices, the money supply, and consumer confidence.
- The Composite Index of Leading Indicators, displayed in this chart, combines all eleven into a single number.
- The Composite Index works better than individual indicators, but they are not perfect. Some declines not followed by a contraction.
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GOVERNMENT CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES AND GROSS INVESTMENT The official item in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economics Analysis measuring government purchases undertaken by the government sector. Government consumption expenditures and gross investment averages between 15-20 percent of gross domestic product. As might be expected, this percentage tends to be ebb and flow with the political winds. Some political leaders prefer more government activity, others less. However, this percentage is even more dependent on military conflicts and wars that require massive government activity. The other official expenditures included in the National Income and Product Accounts are personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investment, and net exports of goods and services.
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ORANGE REBELOON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet trying to buy either a computer that can play video games and burn DVDs or a black duffle bag with velcro closures. Be on the lookout for rusty deck screws.
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A scripophilist is one who collects rare stock and bond certificates, usually from extinct companies.
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"Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly and get on with improving your other innovations. " -- Steve Jobs, Apple Computer founder
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MSE
Mean Squared Error
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