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ABILITY-TO-PAY PRINCIPLE: A principle of taxation in which taxes are based on the income or resource-ownership ability of people to pay the tax. The income tax collected by our friends at the Internal Revenue Service is one of the most common taxes that seeks to abide by the ability-to-pay principle. In theory, the income tax system is set up such that people with greater incomes pay more taxes. Proportional and progressive taxes follow this ability-to-pay principle, while regressive taxes, such as sales taxes and Social Security taxes, don't.
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Lesson 12: Business Cycles | Unit 4: Causes
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Page: 21 of 26
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Here's how the political business cycle would work:- First: Elected leaders start promoting an expansion 2 to 3 years before an election.
- Second: One means of inducing an expansion is fiscal policy, with lower taxes and more spending.
- Third: The economy expands, voters are happy, leaders are re-elected. But the expansion causes problems, such as inflation or budget deficits.
- Fourth: These problems are solved with a contraction after the election, which ends in time for the next pre-election expansion.
- Fifth: With major elections every 4 years, many leaders have a vested interest making this happen.
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AGGREGATE DEMAND AND MARKET DEMAND The aggregate demand curve, or AD curve, has similarities to, but differences from, the standard market demand curve. Both are negatively sloped. Both relate price and quantity. However, the market demand curve is negatively sloped because of the income and substitution effects and the aggregate demand curve is negatively sloped because of the real-balance, interest-rate, and net-export effects.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction hoping to buy either a key chain with a built-in flashlight and panic button or a green and yellow striped sweater vest. Be on the lookout for poorly written technical manuals.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen were the 1st Nobel Prize winners in Economics in 1969.
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"Defeat is simply a signal to press onward. " -- Helen Keller, author, lecturer
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WAPM
Weak Axiom of Profit Maximization
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