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IMPERFECT COMPETITION: Any markets or industries that do not match the criteria for perfect competition. The key characteristics of perfect competition are: (1) a large number of small firms, (2) identical products sold by all firms, (3) freedom of entry into and exit out of the industry, and (4) perfect knowledge of prices and technology. These four characteristics are essentially impossible to match in the real world.
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Lesson 3: Scarcity | Unit 3: Opportunity Cost
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Page: 10 of 17
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The pervasive problem of scarcity makes opportunity cost fundamental to life itself and to the study of economics.- Economists use the term economic cost to mean opportunity cost. They also just use the term cost.
- Cost is foregone alternative, not necessarily the amount of money paid. Money is a way to keep score. Money is a good way to measure opportunity cost, but not the only way.Two types of opportunity or economic costs:
- Explicit opportunity cost: Out-of-pocket or accounting cost that involves a money payment.
- Implicit opportunity cost: Cost that does not involve a money payment.
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MARGINAL COST The change in total cost (or total variable cost) resulting from a change in the quantity of output produced by a firm in the short run. Marginal cost (MC) indicates how much total cost changes for a given change in the quantity of output. Because changes in total cost are matched by changes in total variable cost in the short run (total fixed cost is fixed), marginal cost is the change in either total cost or total variable cost. It is found by dividing the change in total cost (or total variable cost) by the change in output. Marginal cost is one of four cost concepts used in short-run production analysis. The other three are average total cost, average fixed cost, and average variable cost.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching the newspaper want ads trying to buy either yellow cotton balls or a set of steel-belted radial snow tires. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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Mark Twain said "I wonder how much it would take to buy soap buble if there was only one in the world."
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"The road to success is always under construction. " -- Lily Tomlin, Actress
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