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AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES: A reduction in production cost the results when related firms locate near one another. Firms can be related as competitors in the same industry, by using the same inputs, or through providing output to the same demographic group. The fashion industry, for example, experiences agglomeration economies because they can share specialized inputs (photographers, models) that would be too expensive to employ full time. Retail stores have agglomeration economies when located in shopping malls because they have access to a large group of potential customers with lower advertising cost. Agglomeration economies is given as one of the primary reasons for the emergence of urban areas.
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Lesson 11: Elasticity Basics | Unit 4: A Continuum
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Page: 22 of 25
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In this unit, you should have learned about:- The elasticity continuum that ranges from 0 to infinity.
- The five elasticity alternatives -- perfectly elastic, relatively elastic, unit elastic, relatively inelastic, perfectly inelastic.
- Perfectly elastic as the alternative in which price is fixed.
- Relatively elastic as the alternative in which small changes in price cause large changes in quantity.
- Perfectly inelastic as the alternative in which quantity is fixed.
- Relatively inelastic as the alternative in which large changes in price cause small changes in quantity.
- Unit elastic as the alternative in which changes in price are matched by changes in quantity.
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AVERAGE VARIABLE COST Total variable cost per unit of output, found by dividing total variable cost by the quantity of output. When compared with price (per unit revenue), average variable cost (AVC) indicates whether or not a profit-maximizing firm should shut down production in the short run. Average variable cost is one of three average cost concepts important to short-run production analysis. The other two are average total cost and average fixed cost. A related concept is marginal cost.
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
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"It is not fair to ask of others what you are unwilling to do yourself. " -- Eleanor Roosevelt, diplomat, activist
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SBA
Small Business Administration
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