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KALDOR-HICKS IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if the willingness to pay of those benefiting exceed the willingness to accept of those harmed. In other words, if those gains exceed those losses, or the benefits exceed the costs, then social welfare is improved and undertaking the action provides a net benefit to society. In other words, the winners can, in principle, compensate the losers for their loss, and still come out ahead. The actual compensation, however, is required. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Pareto improvement.
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Lesson 11: Elasticity Basics | Unit 2: A Little More
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Page: 9 of 25
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Topic:
Why Study: Price Controls
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- Price controls take one of two forms -- price ceiling and price floor:
- A price ceiling is a legally mandated maximum price imposed on a market. Buyers and sellers are prevented from exchanging the good at any price above the legal maximum.
- A price floor is a legally mandated minimum price imposed on a market. Buyers and sellers are prevented from exchanging the good at any price below the legal minimum.
- Both types of price controls tend to be more effective for inelastic demand and supply
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REVENUE EFFECT The generation of revenue used to finance government operations that results from placing taxes on economic activity. The revenue effect is the primary reason that governments impose taxes on members of society. Without the revenue generated from taxes, governments could not provided valuable and essential public goods nor undertake other government operations. This is one of two effects of taxation. The other is the allocation effect, which is the change in resource allocation that results because taxes create disincentives to produce, consume, and exchange.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the shopping mall looking to buy either a case of blank recordable DVDs or a pair of red goulashes with shiny buckles. Be on the lookout for jovial bank tellers.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail." -- Ralph Waldo Emerson
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CJE
Canadian Journal of Economics
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