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AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE EQUATION: An equation indicating that aggregate expenditures (AE) are the sum of consumption expenditures (C), investment expenditures (I), government purchases (G), and net exports (X-M), stated as: AE = C + I + G + (X-M). This equation surfaces in the Keynesian economic income-expenditure model in the form of the aggregate expenditures line. However, it's also central throughout the study of macroeconomics, including aggregate demand and the measurement of gross domestic product.
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Lesson 2: Economic Science | Unit 5: Cause and Effect
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Page: 19 of 20
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Advertising is unlikely to be the DIRECT cause of greater sales and production.- First link: Advertising increases buyers' preferences.
- Second link: Buyers' preferences increase market demand and market price.
- Third link: Higher price induces suppliers to increase production.
Scientific answer:- The increase in sales and production are caused by higher prices, which is caused by greater demand, which is caused by a change in buyers' preferences, which is caused by advertising.
- The goal of the scientific study of economics is to identify these distinct, but interrelated cause-and-effect principles.
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OLIGOPOLY, CONCENTRATION Oligopoly is a market structure that contains a small number of relatively large firms, meaning oligopoly markets tend to be concentrated. A small number of large firms account for a majority of total output. Concentration unto itself is not necessarily bad, but it often leads to inefficient behavior, such as collusion and nonprice competition. Concentration is measured in three ways--market share, concentration ratio, Herfindahl index.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through the yellow pages looking to buy either a wall poster commemorating the moon landing or storage boxes for your winter clothes. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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The average length of a "business lunch" is about 36 minutes.
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"Intense concentration hour after hour can bring out resources in people they didn't know they had. " -- Edwin Land, inventor, entrepreneur
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SPO
Strongly Pareto Optimal
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