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IMPERFECT COMPETITION: Any markets or industries that do not match the criteria for perfect competition. The key characteristics of perfect competition are: (1) a large number of small firms, (2) identical products sold by all firms, (3) freedom of entry into and exit out of the industry, and (4) perfect knowledge of prices and technology. These four characteristics are essentially impossible to match in the real world.

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Lesson 23: Factor Market Equilibrium | Unit 3: Perfect Competition Page: 13 of 24

Topic: Employment <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

  • This diagram sets the stage for analyzing the labor employment decision by a given firm, assuming perfect competition holds.

  • The critical question facing the firm is: How many workers should it hire?

  • The profit-maximizing decision by the firm is to hire 50 workers at the $10 wage.

    • Should the firm hire more workers, profit declines.
    • Should the firm hire fewer workers, profit declines.

  • The critical conclusion from this analysis is that a firm in a perfect competition factor market employs a factor such that marginal revenue product (MRP) is equal to marginal factor cost (MFC).

  • However, because this marginal factor cost (MFC) is equal to the factor price (W) for perfection competition, we have the secondary result that:

  • MRP = W
  • This is THE condition for efficiency in a factor market.


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M2

The medium-range monetary aggregate for the U.S. economy containing the combination of M1 (currency and checkable deposits) and short-term, small denomination near monies. M2 contains financial assets that either function directly as money for the U.S. economy or can be easily and quickly converted into money. The near monies added to M1 to derive M2 include savings deposits, certificates of deposit, money market deposits, and money market mutual funds. M2 is one of three monetary aggregates tracked and reported by the Federal Reserve System. The other two are designated M1 and M3.

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