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OLIGOPOLY, CONCENTRATION: Oligopoly is a market structure that contains a small number of relatively large firms, meaning oligopoly markets tend to be concentrated. A small number of large firms account for a majority of total output. Concentration unto itself is not necessarily bad, but it often leads to inefficient behavior, such as collusion and nonprice competition. Concentration is measured in three ways--market share, concentration ratio, Herfindahl index.

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Lesson 9: Consumer Demand | Unit 3: Marginal Utility Page: 14 of 22

Topic: Diamond-Water Paradox <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

  • The diamond-water paradox is the perplexing observation that water, which is more useful that diamonds, has a lower price than diamonds. If price is related to utility, it seems that water would have a higher price than diamonds, not lower.

  • This paradox actual serves to illustrate the difference between total utility and marginal utility.
  • The most important implication from the diamond-water paradox is that price is related to marginal utility not total utility.

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ASSUMPTIONS, KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS

The macroeconomic study of Keynesian economics relies on three key assumptions--rigid prices, effective demand, and savings-investment determinants. First, rigid or inflexible prices prevent some markets from achieving equilibrium in the short run. Second, effective demand means that consumption expenditures are based on actual income, not full employment or equilibrium income. Lastly, important savings and investment determinants include income, expectations, and other influences beyond the interest rate. These three assumptions imply that the economy can achieve a short-run equilibrium at less than full-employment production.

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APLS

PINK FADFLY
[What's This?]

Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching the newspaper want ads seeking to buy either a genuine down-filled comforter or a 200-foot blue garden hose. Be on the lookout for poorly written technical manuals.
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On a typical day, the United States Mint produces over $1 million worth of dimes.
"Good judgment comes from experience, and often experience comes from bad judgment."

-- Rita Mae Brown ‚ Writer

LRAC
Long Run Average Cost
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