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RISK PREMIUM: This has two very closely related uses. First, it's what risk averse people are willing to pay to avoid a risky situation. For example, if you would be equally happy with a guaranteed $900 or a 50-50 chance of getting either $500 or $1,500, then you're risk premium is $100. Second, it's the extra percentage points added to an interest rate to compensate for the risk of a loan. As a general rule, each 1 percent chance of default on a loan adds a risk premium of about 1 percent to the interest rate.

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Lesson 8: Market Shocks | Unit 3: Single Shifts Page: 8 of 20

Topic: More Demand <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

An increase in demand caused by one of the demand determinants.
  • Initial equilibrium market at price Po and quantity Qo
  • Buyers acquire a sudden "appetite" for hot fudge sundaes.
A summary:
  • The demand curve shifts rightward.
  • The initial equilibrium is no longer an equilibrium.
  • The new equilibrium is at the intersection of the original supply curve with the new demand curve.
  • New equilibrium price is P1 and new equilibrium quantity is Q1.
The six steps of market adjustment for an increase in demand:
  • A determinant changes. We have a greater appetite for hot fudge sundaes.
  • A curve to shifts. The demand curve for hot fudge sundaes shifts rightward.
  • A shortage or a surplus occurs. The increase in demand causes a shortage of hot fudge sundaes.
  • The price changes. The price of hot fudge sundaes goes up.
  • The quantities demanded and supplied change. The quantity supplied for hot fudge sundaes increases while their quantity demand is reduced.
  • The market imbalance is eliminated and equilibrium is restored. The shortage of hot fudge sundaes is eliminated. The price is higher and the quantity exchanged is more.

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BENEFIT PRINCIPLE

A taxation principle stating that taxes should be based on the benefits received. The benefit principle works from the proposition that those who receive the greatest benefits should pay the most taxes. The benefit principle is commonly used for near-public goods such as highways, libraries, college, and national parks. This is one of two taxation principles. The other is the ability-to-pay principle, which states taxes should be based on income or the ability to pay taxes.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet looking to buy either storage boxes for your income tax returns or an AC adapter for your CD player. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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In the early 1900s around 300 automobile companies operated in the United States.
"Always vote for principle, though you may vote alone, and you may cherish the sweetest reflection that your vote is never lost. "

-- John Quincy Adams, 6th US president

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