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IMMIGRATION: Migration that enters one country from another country. Immigration is usually seen as a problem for existing citizens of nation because--(1) the supply of labor increases, which tends to lower wages, (2) there's a greater demand for public services, which causes taxes to rise, and (3) the culture of immigrants is usually different, which creates all sorts of social conflicts. However, immigration can also be beneficial because--(1) the additional labor is a source of economic growth, (2) the immigrants might be willing to do some jobs that wouldn't be performed otherwise, and (3) some goods can produced at lower cost. Compare emigration.

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Lesson 8: Market Shocks | Unit 3: Single Shifts Page: 8 of 20

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An increase in demand caused by one of the demand determinants.
  • Initial equilibrium market at price Po and quantity Qo
  • Buyers acquire a sudden "appetite" for hot fudge sundaes.
A summary:
  • The demand curve shifts rightward.
  • The initial equilibrium is no longer an equilibrium.
  • The new equilibrium is at the intersection of the original supply curve with the new demand curve.
  • New equilibrium price is P1 and new equilibrium quantity is Q1.
The six steps of market adjustment for an increase in demand:
  • A determinant changes. We have a greater appetite for hot fudge sundaes.
  • A curve to shifts. The demand curve for hot fudge sundaes shifts rightward.
  • A shortage or a surplus occurs. The increase in demand causes a shortage of hot fudge sundaes.
  • The price changes. The price of hot fudge sundaes goes up.
  • The quantities demanded and supplied change. The quantity supplied for hot fudge sundaes increases while their quantity demand is reduced.
  • The market imbalance is eliminated and equilibrium is restored. The shortage of hot fudge sundaes is eliminated. The price is higher and the quantity exchanged is more.

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PHYSICAL WEALTH, AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES DETERMINANT

One of several specific aggregate expenditures determinants assumed constant when the aggregate expenditures line is constructed, and that shifts the aggregate expenditures line when it changes. A decrease in physical wealth causes an increase (upward shift) of the aggregate expenditures line. An increase in physical wealth causes a decrease (downward shift) of the aggregate expenditures line. Other notable aggregate expenditures determinants include consumer confidence, federal deficit, inflationary expectations, and exchange rates.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius looking to buy either a set of steel-belted radial snow tires or a wall poster commemorating the 2000 Presidential election. Be on the lookout for letters from the Internal Revenue Service.
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The 1909 Lincoln penny was the first U.S. coin with the likeness of a U.S. President.
"We should never allow ourselves to be bullied by an either-or. There is often the possibility of something better than either of those two alternatives. "

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