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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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Lesson Contents
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Unit 1: Buying Basics |
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Unit 2: Law of Demand |
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Unit 3: Demand Curve |
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Unit 4: Determinants |
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Unit 5: Scarcity | |
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Market Demand
This lesson on demand offers a little insight, not only into my Stuffed Amigo buying behavior, but into the purchases of a wide range of other goods, too, even goods that aren't cute and cuddly. In fact, this demand topic does more than offer insight into buying behavior. It's also one half of the market analysis -- the other half being supply. And market analysis is one of the most widely used tools in the study of economics. Economists explain a lot of economic phenomenon using markets. But to use markets, we need demand, which brings us back to this lesson. - In the first unit of this lesson, Buying Basics, we examine the basic concept of demand. While you've likely come across the term demand before, we'll see the specific way the term is used in economics.
- The second unit, Law of Demand, then takes a look at the law of demand, which is one of the most important and fundamental economic principles that we'll encounter.
- As we move on to the third unit, Demand Curve, our attention turns to the demand curve, which is the graphical embodiment of demand.
- In the fourth unit, Determinants, we examine how the five basic demand determinants that cause the demand curve to shift from one location to another.
- And finally in the fifth unit, Scarcity, we make a connection between demand and the fundamental problem of scarcity.
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CHANGE IN AGGREGATE SUPPLY A shift of the short-run or long-run aggregate supply curve caused by a change in one of the aggregate supply determinants. In essence, a change in aggregate supply is caused by any factor affecting supply EXCEPT the price level. This is one of two changes related to aggregate supply. The other is a change in real production. A change in aggregate supply is comparable to a change in market supply.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius looking to buy either a desktop calendar with all federal and state holidays highlighted or a half-dozen helium filled balloons. Be on the lookout for florescent light bulbs that hum folk songs from the sixties.
Your Complete Scope
This isn't me! What am I?
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General Electric is the only stock from the original 1896 Dow Jones Industrial Average remaining in the current index.
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"Chance favors only the prepared mind." -- Louis Pasteur, biologist
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MC
Marginal Cost
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