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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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ECONOMIC RESOURCE A resource with an available quantity less than its desired use. Economic, or scarce, resources are also called factors of production and generally classified as either labor, capital, land, or entrepreneurship. Economic resources are the workers, equipment, raw materials, and organizers that are used to produce economic goods. Like the more general society-wide condition of scarcity, a given resource falls into the economic or scarce category because of it has a limited availability relative to (potentially unlimited) productive uses.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"Just as iron rusts from disuse, even so does inaction spoil the intellect. " -- Leonardo da Vinci, architect, artist
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G10
Group of Ten
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