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AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES: A reduction in production cost the results when related firms locate near one another. Firms can be related as competitors in the same industry, by using the same inputs, or through providing output to the same demographic group. The fashion industry, for example, experiences agglomeration economies because they can share specialized inputs (photographers, models) that would be too expensive to employ full time. Retail stores have agglomeration economies when located in shopping malls because they have access to a large group of potential customers with lower advertising cost. Agglomeration economies is given as one of the primary reasons for the emergence of urban areas.
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LOSS MINIMIZATION RULE A rule stating that a firm minimizes economic loss by producing output in the short run that equates marginal revenue and marginal cost if price is less than average total cost but greater than average variable cost. This is one of three short-run production alternatives facing a firm. The other two are profit maximization (if price exceeds average total cost) and shutdown (if price is less than average variable cost).
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area hoping to buy either a birthday greeting card for your mother that doesn't look like a greeting card or a handcrafted spice rack. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"We can't take any credit for our talents. It's how we use them that counts. " -- Madeleine L'Engle, Writer
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IO
Industrial Organization
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