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TAX: Any sort of forced or coerced payment to government. The primary reason government collects taxes is to get the revenue needed to finance public goods and pay administrative expenses. However, the more astute leaders of the first estate have recognized over the years that taxes have other effects, including--(1) redirecting resources from one good to another and (2) altering the total amount of production in the economy. As such, taxes have been used to correct market failures, equalize the income distribution, achieve efficiency, stabilize business cycles, and promote economic growth.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
Your compete MICRO*scope for today
You are the type of person who usually shops when you need to, buys what you have to, and then moves on with your life. Family and friends would probably admit to liking you, if anyone ever posed the question. Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex hoping to buy either handcrafted decorations to hang on your walls or throw pillows for your bed. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen. You should consider shopping at stores or businesses beginning with the letter Z, but do not buy any products with a serial number or product code containing the number 973023. Your preferred shopping venue is discount super centers. Your special symbol is the period (.).
Is this You?
As a Beige Mundortle, you are somewhat dull, somewhat boring, somewhat lusterless. You don't particularly care and you don't really care that you don't care. You know that you have a somewhat drab, lackluster life, and that's just fine with you. You shop when you need to, buy what you have to, and get on with your life. It's just another day, another expenditure. You don't really care to spend a lot of time shopping, but you don't really care to spend a lot of time doing much of anything. Life goes on. So what? Who cares?
This isn't me! What am I?
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AVERAGE FACTOR COST CURVE, MONOPSONY A curve that graphically represents the relation between average factor cost incurred by a firm for employing an input and the quantity of input used. Because average factor cost is essentially the price of the input, the average factor cost curve is also the supply curve for the input. The average factor cost curve for a firm with no market control is horizontal. The average factor cost curve for a firm with market control is positively sloped.
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BUSINESS As UsualIn the same mini-mall with Dr. Nova Cain's dental offices and Smilin' Ted's All Comers Insurance Agency, resides Manny Mustard's House of Sandwiches -- one of those small, out-of-the-way, off-the-wall sorts of restaurants that has great food, excellent service, and plenty of atmosphere. Manny, the proprietor, is a good friend of mine who's struggling to turn his dream of restauranteering into reality. His restauranteering dream doesn't stop with one small, out-of-the-way, off-the-way restaurant with great food, excellent service, and atmosphere. No, Manny is shooting for a nation-wide chain of Manny Mustard's House of Sandwiches. He wants to go from being an overworked, underappreciated member of the third estate to a member of the second estate who overworks and underappreciates others. To help out my good friend Manny, let's take a long, hard look at the differences between small business and the larger, Fortune 500 kind.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"Difficulty is the excuse history never accepts. " -- Edward R. Murrow, News broadcaster
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SSRN
Social Science Research Network
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