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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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SHUTDOWN RULE A rule stating that a firm minimizes economic loss by producing no output in the short run if price is less than average variable cost. This is one of three short-run production alternatives facing a firm. The other two are profit maximization (if price exceeds average total cost) and loss minimization (if price is less than average total cost but greater than average variable cost).
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"In the business world, everyone is paid in two coins: cash and experience. Take the experience first; the cash will come later. " -- Harold S. Green, MCI founder
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A Translation Of FOREIGN INVESTMENTTHIS MEANS WAR!! Batten down the hatches. Circle the wagons! Sound the alarm! Head for the fallout shelter! Those seemingly quaint and courteous folk from the Republic of Northwest Queoldiola have upset the delicate balance of world peace. Perhaps I should explain. A group of investors from Northwest Queoldiola have been snooping around Shady Valley with the evil intentions of buying Shady Valley's very own Sonny Sullivan Sundials Extraordinaire manufacturing plant. How dare they! This is the good old U. S. of A. We don't want any foreigners buying up good old U. S. of A. property, do we? Before nuking Northwest Queoldiola we should consider this potentially messy topic of foreign investment.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store seeking to buy either a birthday greeting card for your father or a T-shirt commemorating the first day of spring. Be on the lookout for fairy dust that tastes like salt.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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AER
American Economic Review
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