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VALUE-ADDED TAX: A tax on the extra value added during each stage in the production of a good. Most of the stuff our economy produces goes through several "stages," usually with different businesses. In each stage, resources do their thing to the good to make it a little more valuable. For example, an ice cream store can take 50 cents worth of ice cream, fudge, and whipped topping and turn it into a hot fudge sundae that's valued at $1.50. The efforts of the ice cream resources thus add $1 in value. A value-added tax is based on this extra value. While it's been debated off and on in the United States, a value-added tax is commonly used in Europe.
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PRINCIPAL-AGENT PROBLEM A disconnection or conflict between the objectives and goals of the principal and those of the agent authorized to represent the principal. The principal-agent problem arises because an agent is given the responsibility and authority to take actions that affect both the principal, but can also affect the agent. This problem is common in corporate management, where the principal is shareholders and the agent is managers. It is also common in government, where the principal is the public and the agent is elected leaders.
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PINK FADFLY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store wanting to buy either a package of blank rewritable CDs or yellow cotton balls. Be on the lookout for small children selling products door-to-door.
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Junk bonds are so called because they have a better than 50% chance of default, carrying a Standard & Poor's rating of CC or lower.
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"You are the only problem you will ever have and you are the only solution. Change is inevitable, personal growth is always a personal decision." -- Bob Proctor, Author and Speaker
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IIPF
International Institute of Public Finance
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