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UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE: An activity on the part of employers to discourage legal labor union actions or on the part of labor unions to discourage legal nonunion employee actions. In the never ending battle between labor and management to gain the upper hand in the labor market each side has engaged in practices to thwart the power of the other side. Management commonly undertook what are now termed unfair labor practices in the early stages of the labor union movement to prevent unions from gaining power. Once unions gained power, however, then too engaged in unfair labor practices to keep and enhance that power. Unfair labor practices by management were largely outlawed by the National Labor Relations Act. Unfair labor practices by labor unions were largely outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act.
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TOTAL COST The opportunity cost incurred by all of the factors of production used by a firm to produce a good or service, including wages paid to labor, rent paid for the land, interest paid to capital owners, and a normal profit paid to entrepreneurs. Total cost is most important in the analysis a firm's short-run production decision and is frequently separated into total variable cost and total fixed cost. Two other cost measures directly related to total cost are marginal cost and average total cost. Total cost is half of the information a firm uses to determine profit, the other half is total revenue.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs hoping to buy either a rechargeable battery for your computer or shoe laces for your snow boots. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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"The secret of getting ahead is getting started. The secret of getting started is breaking your complex, overwhelming tasks into small manageable tasks, and then starting on the first one. " -- Mark Twain, writer
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BPEA
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
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