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ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY: Obtaining the most consumer satisfaction from available resources. Allocative efficiency means that our economy is doing the best job possible of satisfying unlimited wants and needs with limited resources -- that is, of addressing the problem of scarcity.
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NEAR-PUBLIC GOODS Goods characterized by nonrival consumption and the ability to exclude nonpayers. Near-public goods are one of four types of goods differentiated by consumption rivalry and nonpayer excludability. The other three goods are near-public (rival consumption and nonpayers can be excluded), public (nonrival consumption and nonpayers cannot be excluded), and common-property (rival consumption and nonpayers cannot be excluded). The ease of excluding of nonpayers means near-public goods can be exchanged through markets, but nonrival consumption means efficiency can only be achieved with government intervention.
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A communal society, a prime component of Karl Marx's communist philosophy, was advocated by the Greek philosophy Plato.
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"When we do the best that we can, we never know what miracle is wrought in our life, or in the life of another." -- Helen Keller
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JPE
Journal of Political Economy
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