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TOTAL COST AND MARGINAL COST: A mathematical connection between marginal cost and total cost stating that marginal cost IS the slope of the total cost curve. If the total cost curve has a positive slope (that is, is upward sloping), then marginal cost is positive. Moreover, if the total cost curve has a positive and increasingly steeper slope, then the marginal cost is positive and rising. If the total cost curve has a positive and decreasingly steeper slope, then the marginal cost is positive but falling.
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Lesson 1: Economic Basics | Unit 5: Policies
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Page: 14 of 18
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Because markets are imperfect, government is prompted to intervene with economic policies.- Economic policies are government actions designed to affect economic activity and pursue one or more economic goals.
Policies can take the form of:- Laws passed by legislatures.
- Administrative actions taken by elected executives.
- Rules set forth by government agencies.
- Decisions made through the courts.
The government has four types of policies.- Fiscal policy: Based on government's power to collect taxes from the public and spend those funds as it chooses. Used for income redistribution and macroeconomic performance.
- Monetary policy: Based on government's centralized control of the money supply. Used for macroeconomic performance.
- Regulatory policy: Based on government's ability to enact laws, rules and restrictions. Used for efficiency and equity
- Judicial policy: Based on government's ability to enforce laws through the courts. Used for efficiency and equity
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U-SHAPED COST CURVES The family of short-run cost curves consisting of average total cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost, all of which have U-shapes. Each is U-shaped because it begins with relatively high but falling cost for small quantities of output, reaches a minimum value, then has rising cost at large quantities of output. Although the average fixed cost curve is not U-shaped, it is occasionally included with the other three just for sake of completeness.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"I learned about the strength you can get from a close family life. I learned to keep going, even in bad times. I learned not to despair, even when my world was falling apart. I learned that there are no free lunches. And I learned the value of hard work. " -- Lee Iacocca
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NABB
National Association of Business Brokers
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