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ENTERPRISE: An organization that combines scarce resources for the production and supply of goods and services. The term enterprise is generally used synonymously with other terms such as business, firm, and company. If a distinction exists, enterprise can be profit oriented, nonprofit, privately owned, or government controlled. Alternatively, the term enterprise might also be used more in reference to the production activity itself rather than the organization.

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Lesson 4: Production Possibilities | Unit 1: Getting Started Page: 2 of 24

Topic: Assumptions <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

Every economic analysis builds on certain preconditions or assumptions. Assumptions, whether reasonable or seemingly unrealistic, let us:
  1. Establish abstract benchmarks for comparison or
  2. Break an analysis into simpler, more easily manageable parts.

Four key assumptions:

  • Two Goods: Resources are used to produce one or both of only two goods. This is a simplifying assumption that lets us display graphs on the screen.
  • Fixed Resources: The quantities of the labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship resources do not change. This is a reasonable assumption that we can change to analysis resource changes.
  • Fixed Technology: The information and knowledge that society has about the production of goods and services is fixed. This is another reasonable assumption that we can change to analysis technology changes.
  • Technical Efficiency: Resources are used in a technically efficient way. We get the maximum possible production out of the resource inputs.

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SECOND-DEGREE PRICE DISCRIMINATION

A form of price discrimination in which a seller charges different prices for different quantities of a good. This also goes by the name block pricing. Second-degree price discrimination is possible because decidedly different quantities are purchased by different types of buyers with different demand elasticities. This is one of three price discrimination degrees. The others are first-degree price discrimination and third-degree price discrimination.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius hoping to buy either a coffee cup commemorating the first day of winter or a video game player. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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Al Capone's business card said he was a used furniture dealer.
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