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AGRARIAN: A term signifying a connection to farming, agricultural production, or the land. Agrarian is often used as a modifier for other terms, such as agrarian society (an economy that relies heavily on agricultural production), agrarian society (a society based on the institutions that emerge from a heavy reliance on agricultural production), or agrarian movement (a political movement designed to product agricultural production). Because farming was one of the first and remains one of the most fundamental activities undertaken by even the most primitive society, agrarian is typically associated with less developed, as in the phrase a "less developed, agrarian nation."

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Lesson 4: Production Possibilities | Unit 1: Getting Started Page: 2 of 24

Topic: Assumptions <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

Every economic analysis builds on certain preconditions or assumptions. Assumptions, whether reasonable or seemingly unrealistic, let us:
  1. Establish abstract benchmarks for comparison or
  2. Break an analysis into simpler, more easily manageable parts.

Four key assumptions:

  • Two Goods: Resources are used to produce one or both of only two goods. This is a simplifying assumption that lets us display graphs on the screen.
  • Fixed Resources: The quantities of the labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship resources do not change. This is a reasonable assumption that we can change to analysis resource changes.
  • Fixed Technology: The information and knowledge that society has about the production of goods and services is fixed. This is another reasonable assumption that we can change to analysis technology changes.
  • Technical Efficiency: Resources are used in a technically efficient way. We get the maximum possible production out of the resource inputs.

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OLIGOPOLY AND MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION

Oligopoly and monopolistic competition have some similarities, but also have a few important differences. Both are examples of imperfect competition on the market structure continuum between ideals of perfect competition and monopoly. However, oligopoly contains a small number of large firms and monopolistic competition contains a large number of small firms. The dividing line between oligopoly and monopolistic competition can be blurred due to the number of firms in the industry.

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Potato chips were invented in 1853 by a irritated chef repeatedly seeking to appease the hard to please Cornelius Vanderbilt who demanded french fried potatoes that were thinner and crisper than normal.
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