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REAL INTEREST RATE: The market, or nominal interest rate, after adjusting for inflation. This is the interest rate lenders receive and borrowers pay expressed in real dollars. There two ways to think about the real interest rate, (1) the historical, after-the-fact, interest rate and (2) the desired interest rate lenders and borrowers have in mind when entering into a loan. The first one tells us the purchasing power of any interest payments received or paid. The second way of looking at the real interest rate is based on expectations of the future.
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ASSUMPTIONS, CLASSICAL ECONOMICS Classical economics, especially as directed toward macroeconomics, relies on three key assumptions--flexible prices, Say's law, and saving-investment equality. Flexible prices ensure that markets adjust to equilibrium and eliminate shortages and surpluses. Say's law states that supply creates its own demand and means that enough income is generated by production to purchase the resulting production. The saving-investment equality ensures that any income leaked from consumption into saving is replaced by an equal amount of investment. Although of questionable realism, these three assumptions imply that the economy would operate at full employment.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching the newspaper want ads looking to buy either a set of hubcaps or handcrafted decorations to hang on your walls. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"Kites rise highest against the wind, not with it. " -- Winston Churchill, British prime minister
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BNA
Bureau of National Affairs
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