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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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TWO-SECTOR INJECTIONS-LEAKAGES MODEL A variation of the Keynesian injections-leakages model that includes the two private sectors, the household sector and the business sector. This variation, often termed the saving-investment model or private sector injections-leakages model, captures the interaction between induced saving (and indirectly induced consumption expenditures) and autonomous investment expenditures. This model provides an alternative to the two-sector aggregate expenditures (Keynesian cross) analysis of the macroeconomy, including equilibrium, disequilibrium, and the multiplier. Equilibrium is identified as the intersection between the saving line and the investment line. Two related variations are the three-sector injections-leakages model and the four-sector injections-leakages model.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet hoping to buy either any book written by Isaac Asimov or a how-to book on building remote controlled airplanes. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"Never confuse a single defeat with a final defeat." -- F. Scott Fitzgerald, writer
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BOP
Balance of Payments
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