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DISECONOMIES OF SCALE: Increasing long-run average cost that occurs as a firm increases all inputs and expands its scale of production. This is graphically illustrated by a positively-sloped long-run average cost curve and typically occurs for relatively large levels of production. Diseconomies of scale overwhelm by economies of scale for relatively large production levels. Together, economies of scale and diseconomies of scale cause the long-run average cost curve to be U-shaped.
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AUTONOMOUS EXPENDITURES Expenditures on aggregate production by the four macroeconomic sectors that do not depend on income or production (especially national income or even gross domestic product). That is, changes in income do not generate changes in these expenditures. Each of the four aggregate expenditures--consumption, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports--have an autonomous component. Autonomous expenditures are affected by the ceteris paribus aggregate expenditures determinants and are measured by the intercept term of the aggregate expenditures line. The alternative to autonomous expenditures are induced expenditures, expenditures which do depend on income.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a going out of business sale looking to buy either a half-dozen helium filled balloons or a packet of address labels large enough for addresses of both the sender and the recipient. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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Two and a half gallons of oil are needed to produce one automobile tire.
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"The way employees treat customers reflects the manner in which they're treated by management. " -- James Perkins, president, Cornell University
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