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GIFFEN GOOD: A rare type of good seldom seen in the real world, in which a change in price causes quantity demanded to change in the same direction (in violation of the law of demand). In other words, an increase in the price of a Giffen good results in an increase in the quantity demanded. The existence of a Giffen good requires the existence of special circumstances. First, the good must be an inferior good. Second, the income effect triggered by a change in price must overwhelm the substitution effect. A Giffen good is most likely to result when the good is a significant share of the consumer's budget.
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ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION Information is not equally available to everyone. Asymmetric information results because efficient information search inevitably stops short of compete information. Some people obtain more benefits from information than others, are willing to incur higher search costs, and thus end up knowing more. Or they incur lower information search costs and have easier access to the information. In a market, sellers tend to have more information about the good than buyers. Asymmetric information gives rise to adverse selection, moral hazard, and the principal-agent problem. These problems can be lessened through signalling and screening.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers seeking to buy either a graduation present for your niece or nephew or a toaster oven that has convection cooking. Be on the lookout for poorly written technical manuals.
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Much of the $15 million used by the United States to finance the Louisiana Purchase from France was borrowed from European banks.
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"Look at everything as though you were seeing it either for the first or last time. Then your time on earth will be filled with glory." -- Betty Smith, Novelist
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QLR
Quasi-Likelihood Ratio
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