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EIGHT-FIRM CONCENTRATION RATIO: The proportion of total output in an industry that's produced by the eight largest firms in the industry. This is one of two common concentration ratios. The other is the four-firm concentration ratio. The eight-firm concentration ratio is commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and how market control is held by the eight largest firms in the industry.
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ELASTICITY The relative response of one variable to changes in another variable. Elasticity is commonly used in the study of market exchanges to identify the relative response of quantity (demanded and supplied) to changes in price. The phrase "relative response" is best interpreted as the percentage change, such as, the percentage change in quantity measured against the percentage change in price. The most common notions of elasticity are the price elasticity of demand and the price elasticity of supply. Other notable economic elasticities are the income elasticity of demand and the cross elasticity of demand.
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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"If you worried about falling off the bike, you'd never get on. " -- Lance Armstrong, bicycle racer
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JEL
Journal of Economic Literature
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