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EXCESS CAPACITY: A condition that exists when monopolistic competition achieves long-run equilibrium such that production by each firm is less than minimum efficient scale. The implication of this condition is that each firm is not producing up to its fullest capacity, as would be the case under perfect competition, and thus more firms are need to produce total market output compared to perfect competition. Excess capacity results because market control means a monopolistically competitive firm faces a negatively-sloped demand curve. Long-run equilibrium is thus achieved by the tangency of the negatively-sloped demand curve and the long-run average cost curve, which results in economies to scale.
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PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES An analysis of the alternative combinations of two (or more) goods that an economy can produce with existing resources and technology in a given time period. Production possibilities analysis provides insight into the fundamentals of economic thinking, including the introduction of key economic concepts. This analysis usually centers on either a convex production possibilities curve (or frontier) that reflects alternative production combinations of two goods.
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In the early 1900s around 300 automobile companies operated in the United States.
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"You can't use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have. " -- Maya Angelou, poet
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JEL
Journal of Economic Literature
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