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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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VALUE ADDED The increase in the value of a good at each stage of the production process. The "value" part of this phrase means the ability of a good to satisfy wants and needs either directly as a consumption good or indirectly as a capital good. The "added" part means that resources have transformed the good in the course of production, to make it more valuable. A good that provides greater satisfaction has greater value.
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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"Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work at hand. The sun's rays do not burn until brought to a focus." -- Alexander Graham Bell, inventor
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NSF
National Science Foundation
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