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POSITIVE ECONOMICS: The branch of economics that tries to explain the way the economy actually operates. It is the application of the scientific method and the process of testing hypothesis. A positive statement can be refuted by looking at the real world, that is testing hypotheses. Positive economics is the consequence of applying the scientific method to economic phenomena. This term should be compared and contrasted with normative economics, which says the way the world should be.
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Lesson 5: Market Demand | Unit 2: Law of Demand
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Page: 8 of 20
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- The law of demand, which is a fundamental economic principle stating that demand price and quantity demanded are inversely related, ceteris paribus.
- Ceteris paribus, a Latin term meaning that other things remain unchanged. It is used to control for factors other than price, that affect demand.
- Why the law of demand works because of the income and substitution effects.
- The income effect, which exists because price changes affect the purchasing power of buyers' given incomes.
- The substitution effect, which exists because price changes make other goods relatively more or less expensive.
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RETURNS TO SCALE Changes in production the occur when all resources are proportionately changed in the long run. Returns to scale come in three forms--increasing, decreasing, or constant based on whether the changes in production are proportionally more than, less than, or equal to the proportional changes in inputs. Returns to scale are the guiding principle for long-run production, playing a similar role that the law of diminishing marginal returns plays for short-run production.
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RED AGGRESSERINE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet seeking to buy either a how-to book on fixing your computer, with illustrations or several magazines on computer software. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Approximately three-fourths of the U.S. paper currency in circular contains traces of cocaine.
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"If anything terrifies me, I must try to conquer it. " -- Francis Charles Chichester, yachtsman, aviator
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JFE
Journal of Financial Economics
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