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IMPLICIT OPPORTUNITY COST: An opportunity cost that does NOT involve a money payment or a market transaction. This should be contrasted with explicit cost that DOES involve a money payment or a market transaction. The common misconception among non-economists out there in the real world is that the term "cost" is synonymous with the term "payment," that is, all costs are explicit costs, to be a cost you have to give up some money. Well, I'm here to tell you that this isn't true. Cost is opportunity cost. It's the satisfaction NOT received from activities NOT pursued. It's the value of foregone production. And not all opportunity costs involve a money payment.
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Lesson Contents
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Unit 1: A Little Magic |
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Unit 2: Fred Returns |
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Unit 3: Modern Banking |
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Unit 4: The Multiplier |
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Unit 5: Policy | |
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Money Creation
The magic of money creation as practiced by private banks is the topic of this lesson. While it seems like magic, money creation is a fundamental aspect of fractional-reserve banking. As such, in this lesson we take a look at why and how banks create money (a task they would seem to be the exclusive privilege of government). This examination of money creation provides insight into how government is able to control the economy's money supply. - The first unit introduces the magic of money creation, as practiced by the banking system.
- The second unit presents a hypothetical example of money creation as practiced by Fred the Goldsmith, where the money is different, but the process is comparable to modern banks.
- The third unit of this lesson, then examines a detailed example of how the banking system goes about creating money when it has an injection of excess reserves.
- In the fourth unit, the money creation process is summarized in terms of a deposit multiplier, which a thought or two on how this can be expanded to a money multiplier, which interests government as it seeks to control the money supply.
- The last unit of this lesson examines the money creation process in the context of monetary policies and government control of the money supply.
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BALANCED-BUDGET MULTIPLIER A measure of the change in aggregate production caused by equal changes in government purchases and taxes. The balanced-budget multiplier is equal to one, meaning that the multiplier effect of a change in taxes offsets all but the initial production triggered by the change in government purchases. This multiplier is the combination of the expenditures multiplier, which measures the change in aggregate production caused by changes in an autonomous aggregate expenditure, and the tax multiplier which measures the change in aggregate production caused by changes in taxes.
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ORANGE REBELOON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites hoping to buy either a pair of red goulashes with shiny buckles or a handcrafted bird feeder. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen were the 1st Nobel Prize winners in Economics in 1969.
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"Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work at hand. The sun's rays do not burn until brought to a focus." -- Alexander Graham Bell, inventor
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SEAQ
Stock Exchange Automated Quotation System (UK)
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