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A: The common notation for the "intercept" term of an equation specified as Y = a + bX. Mathematically, the a-intercept term indicates the value of the Y variable when the value of the X variable is equal to zero. Theoretically, the a-intercept is frequently used to indicate exogenous or independent influences on the Y variable, that is, influences that are independent of the X variable. For example, if Y represents consumption and X represents national income, a measures autonomous consumption expenditures.
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RETURNS TO SCALE Changes in production the occur when all resources are proportionately changed in the long run. Returns to scale come in three forms--increasing, decreasing, or constant based on whether the changes in production are proportionally more than, less than, or equal to the proportional changes in inputs. Returns to scale are the guiding principle for long-run production, playing a similar role that the law of diminishing marginal returns plays for short-run production.
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club seeking to buy either storage boxes for your income tax returns or an AC adapter for your CD player. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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In 1914, Ford paid workers who were age 22 or older $5 per day -- double the average wage offered by other car factories.
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"Don't be distracted by criticism. Remember the only taste of success some people have is when they take a bite out of you." -- Zig Ziglar
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JEP
Journal of Economic Perspectives
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