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A PRIORI: A presumption made before an analysis is undertaken, often based on experiences, beliefs, or deductions from seemingly self-evident propositions about how the world works. This is a Latin for assumption or axiom. A similar sounding, but opposite term is a posteriori, which is derived from observation or facts. For example, in the study of economics of crime you might assume, a priori, that people are basically "good", because that just seems to be part of human nature, and conclude, a posteriori, that people are more likely to commit crimes when the threat of capture and conviction is lower.

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SUBSTITUTE-IN-PRODUCTION: One of two goods that can replace each other in production--that is, using resources to produce one good prevents their use in the other. A substitute good is one of two alternatives falling within the other prices determinant of supply. The other is complement-in-production. An increase in the price of one substitute-in-production causes a decrease in supply of the other.

     See also | supply | other prices | production | supply curve | supply determinants | supply shock | comparative statics | substitute-in-consumption | elasticity |


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FINANCIAL WEALTH, AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES DETERMINANT

One of several specific aggregate expenditures determinants assumed constant when the aggregate expenditures line is constructed, and that shifts the aggregate expenditures line when it changes. An increase in financial wealth causes an increase (upward shift) of the aggregate expenditures line. A decrease in financial wealth causes a decrease (downward shift) of the aggregate expenditures line. Other notable aggregate expenditures determinants include consumer confidence, federal deficit, inflationary expectations, and exchange rates.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store seeking to buy either a birthday gift for your grandmother or a T-shirt commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for the last item on a shelf.
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The 22.6% decline in stock prices on October 19, 1987 was larger than the infamous 12.8% decline on October 29, 1929.
"All labor that uplifts humanity has dignity and importance and should be undertaken with painstaking excellence. "

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