Google
Thursday 
March 28, 2024 

AmosWEB means Economics with a Touch of Whimsy!

AmosWEBWEB*pediaGLOSS*aramaECON*worldCLASS*portalQUIZ*tasticPED GuideXtra CrediteTutorA*PLS
KEMP-ROTH ACT: Officially titled the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, this was a cornerstone of economic policy under President Reagan. The three components of this act were: (1) a decrease in individual income taxes, phased in over three years, (2) a decrease in business taxes, primarily through changes in capital depreciation, and (3) the indexing of taxes to inflation, which was implemented in 1985. This act was intended to address the stagflation problems of high unemployment and high inflation that existed during that 1970s and to provide greater incentives for investment. A primary theoretical justification is found in the Laffer curve relation between tax rates and total tax collections.

Visit the GLOSS*arama


MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION, LONG-RUN PRODUCTION ANALYSIS:

In the long run, a monopolistically competitive firm adjusts plant size, or the quantity of capital, to maximize long-run profit. In addition, the entry and exit of firms into and out of a monopolistically competitive market eliminates economic profit and guarantees that each monopolistically competitive firm earns nothing more or less than a normal profit.
Monopolistic competition is a market structure characterized by a large number of small firms producing similar but not identical products with relatively good resource mobility and extensive knowledge. These conditions mean that each firm has some degree of market control and faces a negatively-sloped demand curve. As such, the entry and exit of firms into and out of the industry eliminates economic profit. Moreover, the pursuit of profit maximization by individual firms facing negatively-sloped demand curves results in economic inefficiency.

Long-Run Adjustment

Long-Run Adjustment
Long-Run Adjustment
The two adjustments undertaken by a monopolistically competitive industry in the pursuit of long-run equilibrium are:
  • Firm Adjustment: Each firm in the monopolistically competitive industry adjusts short-run production and long-run plant size to achieve profit maximization. This adjustment entails producing the quantity that equates marginal revenue',500,400)">marginal revenue to short run marginal cost for a given plant size as well as selecting the plant size that equates marginal revenue to long-run marginal cost.

  • Industry Adjustment: Firms enter and exit a monopolistically competitive industry in response to economic profit and loss. If firms in the industry earn above-normal profit or receive economic profit, then other firms are induced to enter. If firms in the industry receive below-normal profit or incur economic loss, then existing firms are induced to exit. The entry and exit of firms causes the market price to change, which eliminates economic profit and loss, and leads to exactly normal profit.

Long-Run Equilibrium Conditions

The combination of firm and industry adjustment results in two equilibrium conditions. The profit-maximizing condition is that marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost (both short run and long run). The zero economic profit condition is that price (and average revenue) is equal to average cost (both short run and long run).
MR = MC = LRMC
P = AR = ATC = LRAC
With marginal revenue (MR) equal to marginal cost (MC and LRMC), each firm maximizes profit and has no reason to adjust its quantity of output or plant size. With price (P) equal to average cost (ATC and LRAC), each firm in the industry is earning only a normal profit. Economic profit is zero and there is no economic loss.

The six specific equilibrium conditions achieved by long-run equilibrium of monopolistically competitive industry are: (1) economic inefficiency (P > MC), (2) profit maximization (MR = MC), (3) market control (P = AR > MR), (4) breakeven output (P = AR = ATC), (5) excess capacity (ATC > MC), and (6) economies of scale (LRAC > LRMC).

These conditions are only satisfied by the tangency of the negatively-sloped demand (average revenue) curve facing a monopolistically competitive industry and the economies of scale portion of the long-run average cost curve. This means that a monopolistically competitive firm does not achieve long-run economic efficiency.

Key to these conditions is that they are NOT equal. Because price is not equal to marginal revenue in monopolistic competition average cost is not equal to marginal cost. The only production level in which average cost is equal to marginal cost (both short run and long run) is at the minimum efficient scale',500,400)">minimum efficient scale of production, the bottom of the long-run average cost curve. The only way to achieve this production level is the equality between price and marginal revenue. This equality is only achieved by perfect competition.

<= MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION, LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONSMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION, LOSS MINIMIZATION =>


Recommended Citation:

MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION, LONG-RUN PRODUCTION ANALYSIS, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2024. [Accessed: March 28, 2024].


Check Out These Related Terms...

     | monopolistic competition, long-run adjustment | monopolistic competition, long-run equilibrium conditions |


Or For A Little Background...

     | monopolistic competition | monopolistic competition, characteristics | monopolistic competition, efficiency | long-run, microeconomics | long-run production analysis | minimum efficient scale | long-run average cost | economies of scale | breakeven output |


And For Further Study...

     | monopolistic competition, short-run production analysis | market structures | monopoly | oligopoly | perfect competition | long-run industry supply curve | increasing-cost industry | decreasing-cost industry | constant-cost industry | perfect competition, long-run production analysis | perfect competition, long-run equilibrium conditions | perfect competition, long-run adjustment |


Search Again?

Back to the WEB*pedia


APLS

BLUE PLACIDOLA
[What's This?]

Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club seeking to buy either a wall poster commemorating the 2000 Presidential election or a rechargeable flashlight. Be on the lookout for spoiled cheese hiding under your bed hatching conspiracies against humanity.
Your Complete Scope

This isn't me! What am I?

Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
"Good judgment comes from experience, and often experience comes from bad judgment."

-- Rita Mae Brown ‚ Writer

OPBU
Operating Budget
A PEDestrian's Guide
Xtra Credit
Tell us what you think about AmosWEB. Like what you see? Have suggestions for improvements? Let us know. Click the User Feedback link.

User Feedback



| AmosWEB | WEB*pedia | GLOSS*arama | ECON*world | CLASS*portal | QUIZ*tastic | PED Guide | Xtra Credit | eTutor | A*PLS |
| About Us | Terms of Use | Privacy Statement |

Thanks for visiting AmosWEB
Copyright ©2000-2024 AmosWEB*LLC
Send comments or questions to: WebMaster