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GRESHAM'S LAW: A principle stating that bad money drives good money out of circulation. For this law to apply an economy clearly needs two types of money, one considered good and the other considered bad. Good and bad money in this context has nothing to do with the propensity to torture small animals or attempts at world domination. Good and bad are based on the official value in exchange versus value in use. Gold and silver, which were both used as money in the U.S. Economy in the 1800s, provides an illustration. Silver took on the role of "bad money" because it was relatively less value in use than gold. As such, people used silver as everyday money and stockpiled, or hoarded, gold. The silver bad money drove the gold good money out of circulation.
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ACCOUNTING COST An actual outlay or expenses incurred in the production of a good that shows up in a firm's accounting statements and records. Accounting cost is an explicit payment (that is, money changing hands) incurred by a firm. Accounting cost, while very important to accountants, company CEOs, shareholders, and the Internal Revenue Service, is only minimally important to economists. The reason is that economists are more interested in economic cost (also called opportunity cost), which is the value of foregone production.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store seeking to buy either a birthday greeting card for your father or a T-shirt commemorating the first day of spring. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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Approximately three-fourths of the U.S. paper currency in circular contains traces of cocaine.
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"Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence. " -- Robert Frost
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JEL
Journal of Economic Literature
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