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LOGROLLING: A systematic exchange of votes by politicians to obtain approval of specific legislation. That is, Senator Grapht agrees to vote for Senator Brybe's pet project if Senator Brybe votes for Senator Grapht's favorite piece of legislation. Such logrolling can be explicit or implicit. The explicit kind involves two separate bills, in which each politician is forced to "go on record" with a vote. The implicit kind, which many politicians favor, is where several separate programs are wrapped into a single bill. Every politician can then tell the folks back home that they really only wanted the "one thing" that helped their constituencies the most, but had to vote for "other things" as well. Logrolling is big reason our government is big and prone to inefficiency.

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Lesson 11: Circular Flow | Unit 3: Government Page: 14 of 22

Topic: Government Borrowing <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

When government does not collect enough taxes to pay for purchases, it borrows through the financial markets.
  • The federal deficit is borrowing by the federal government to make up the difference between taxes and spending.
  • State and local governments also borrow through financial markets.
  • The green flow leaving the financial markets and entering the government sector is government borrowing.
  • Government sector purchases can be less than taxes, which means government saves to the financial markets.
  • Many state and local governments actually save. State and local saving reduces total government sector borrowing in times of high federal deficits.

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AGGREGATE SUPPLY INCREASE, LONG-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET

A shock to the long-run aggregate market caused by an increase in aggregate supply, resulting in and illustrated by a rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve. An increase in aggregate supply in the long-run aggregate market results in a decrease in the price level and an increase in real production. The level of real production resulting from the shock is a greater level of full-employment real production.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet trying to buy either a computer that can play video games and burn DVDs or a black duffle bag with velcro closures. Be on the lookout for rusty deck screws.
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More money is spent on gardening than on any other hobby.
"Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly and get on with improving your other innovations. "

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