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DEMAND ELASTICITY AND TOTAL EXPENDITURE: The notion that price-induced changes in total expenditure for a good (price times quantity) depends on the relative price elasticity of demand. In particular, for relatively elastic demand (1 < E < ∞) changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the opposite direction. An increase in price causes total expenditure to fall and a decrease in price causes total expenditure to rise. For relatively inelastic demand (0 < E < 1) changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the same direction. An increase in price causes total expenditure to rise and a decrease in price causes total expenditure to fall. For unit elastic demand (E =1) price changes do not cause any change in total expenditure. Total expenditure is the same whether price increases or decreases.
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Lesson 18: Banking | Unit 5: The Economy
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Page: 22 of 24
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Banks have two beneficial roles in the economy. First: As financial intermediaries, banks match up savers and borrowers. - They are an effective means of diverting household income into investment expenditures for capital goods.
- They are a vital link between the real and financial sides of the economy.
Second: As depository institutions, banks supervise a share of the nation's M1 money supply. - They have a big responsibility because money is critical to a complex, market-oriented economy.
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INFORMATION The transfer of knowledge from one person to another. Information is a flow concept. It requires someone (or something) to do the sending and someone to do the receiving. Information is a valuable commodity that provides benefits, but also incurs an opportunity cost to produce, meaning information is never perfect or complete. The existence of asymmetric information (some have more information than others) gives rise to the problems of adverse selection, moral hazard, and the principal-agent problem.
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. " -- Albert Einstein, physicist
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X-M
Net Exports
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