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AD: The abbreviation for aggregate demand, which is the total (or aggregate) real expenditures on final goods and services produced in the domestic economy that buyers would willing and able to make at different price levels, during a given time period (usually a year). Aggregate demand (AD) is one half of the aggregate market analysis; the other half is aggregate supply. Aggregate demand, relates the economy's price level, measured by the GDP price deflator, and aggregate expenditures on domestic production, measured by real gross domestic product. The aggregate expenditures are consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports made by the four macroeconomic sectors (household, business, government, and foreign).

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Lesson 18: Banking | Unit 5: The Economy Page: 22 of 24

Topic: Benefits <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

Banks have two beneficial roles in the economy.

First: As financial intermediaries, banks match up savers and borrowers.

  • They are an effective means of diverting household income into investment expenditures for capital goods.
  • They are a vital link between the real and financial sides of the economy.

Second: As depository institutions, banks supervise a share of the nation's M1 money supply.

  • They have a big responsibility because money is critical to a complex, market-oriented economy.

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PRICE DISCRIMINATION

The act of selling the same good to different buyers for different prices that are not justified by different production costs. This is practiced by suppliers who have achieved some degree of market control, especially monopoly. Common examples of price discrimination are electricity rates, long-distance telephone charges, movie ticket prices, airplane ticket prices, and assorted child or senior citizen discounts. Price discrimination takes the form of one of three degrees: (1) first degree, in which each price is the maximum price that buyers are willing and able to pay, (2) second degree, in which price is based on the quantity sold, and (3) third degree, in which prices are based on an easily identifiable characteristic of the buyer.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for rummage sales hoping to buy either several magazines on fashion design or a package of 3 by 5 index cards, the ones without lines. Be on the lookout for infected paper cuts.
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A U.S. dime has 118 groves around its edge, one fewer than a U.S. quarter.
"We succeed in enterprises (that) demand the positive qualities we possess, but we excel in those (that) can also make use of our defects."

-- Alexis de Tocqueville, Statesman

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