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ACCOUNTING COST: The actual outlays or expenses incurred in production that shows up a firm's accounting statements or records. Accounting costs, while very important to accountants, company CEOs, shareholders, and the Internal Revenue Service, is only minimally important to economists. The reason is that economists are primarily interested in economic cost (also called opportunity cost). That fact is that accounting costs and economic costs aren't always the same. An opportunity or economic cost is the value of foregone production. Some economic costs, actually a lot of economic opportunity costs, never show up as accounting costs. Moreover, some accounting costs, while legal, bonified payments by a firm, are not associated with any sort of opportunity cost.
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Lesson 18: Banking | Unit 5: The Economy
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Page: 23 of 24
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When banks are properly controlled they provide benefits, but when they get out of hand they can do a world of bad. Problems: - When a bank fails to maintain adequate reserves, it runs the risk of starting a chain reaction that could cause economy-wide financial instability.
Instability: - Banking regulations have lessened, but not eliminated, banking instability problems.
- Controlling instability is one challenge of monetary policy.
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AUTONOMOUS EXPENDITURES Expenditures on aggregate production by the four macroeconomic sectors that do not depend on income or production (especially national income or even gross domestic product). That is, changes in income do not generate changes in these expenditures. Each of the four aggregate expenditures--consumption, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports--have an autonomous component. Autonomous expenditures are affected by the ceteris paribus aggregate expenditures determinants and are measured by the intercept term of the aggregate expenditures line. The alternative to autonomous expenditures are induced expenditures, expenditures which do depend on income.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX [What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching the newspaper want ads trying to buy either yellow cotton balls or a set of steel-belted radial snow tires. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives. Your Complete Scope
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The standard "debt" notation I.O.U. does not mean "I owe you," but actually stands for "I owe unto..."
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"The road to success is always under construction. " -- Lily Tomlin, Actress
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