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ABSTRACTION METHODS: Abstraction is the process of simplifying the complexities of the real world by ignoring (hopefully) unimportant details, especially (for our purposes) while doing economic analysis. Three common methods of actual, real world abstraction used in economic theories are words, graphs, and equations. Words can be misunderstood. Graphs are a little more precise. And equations tend to be the most precise of the three.

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Lesson 3: Scarcity | Unit 1: The Concept Page: 1 of 17

Topic: A Definition <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

  • Scarcity is the pervasive condition that exists because society has unlimited wants and needs, but limited resources used for their satisfaction.
Meaning:
  • We can't have everything because resources are limited.
Unlimited wants and needs are half of the scarcity problem.
  • Unlimited wants and needs are what motivate us to take action, to produce goods, and to advance our well-being.
  • We are motivated to do things that satisfy these wants and needs. Satisfaction is achieved when wants and needs are fulfilled.
  • Scarcity results because wants and needs are unlimited. No one has ever been completely satisfied. We always want more.

Limited resources are the other half of our scarcity problem.

  • Resources are the stuff that we use to produce the goods that fulfill our wants and needs.
  • Resources are the things that make satisfaction possible.
  • Resources are limited. We have only so much 'stuff' than can be used to produce the goods that satisfy our wants and needs.

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CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE

A given proportional change in all resources in the long run results in the same proportional change in production. Constant returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources--labor, capital, and other inputs--by 10 percent, and output also increases by 10 percent. This is one of three returns to scale. The other two are increasing returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale.

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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]

Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a going out of business sale seeking to buy either a wall poster commemorating the 2000 Olympics or a flower arrangement with a lot of roses for your grandmother. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
"It takes generosity to discover the whole through others. If you realize you are only a violin, you can open yourself up to the world by playing your role in the concert. "

-- Jacques Yves Cousteau, marine explorer

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