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RISK POOLING: Combining the uncertainty of individuals into a calculable risk for large groups. For example, you may or may not contract the flu this year. However, if you're thrown in with 99,999 other people, then health-care types who spend their lives measuring the odds of an illness, can predict that 1 percent of the group, or 1,000 people, will get the flu. The uncertainty is that they probably don't know which 1,000 people, they only know the number afflicted. This little bit of information is what makes risk pooling possible. If the cost is $50 per illness, then an insurance company can insure your 100,000-member group against flu if they collect $50,000 ($50 x 1,000 sick people), or 50 cents per person. By agreeing to pay the cost of each sick person in exchange for the 50 cent payments, the insurance company has effectively pooled the risk of the group.
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Lesson 4: Production Possibilities | Unit 5: Investment
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Page: 19 of 24
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Investment is the tradeoff between consumption goods used for current satisfaction and capital goods that expand future productive capabilities.- Investment is not just putting money into the stock market. Investment is giving up current satisfaction to obtain greater future production, usually seen as giving up consumption goods to produce capital goods.
- Education and human capital that increase the productive skills and ability of labor.
- Exploration for mineral or fossil fuel deposits that add to land resources.
- Scientific research that expands technology and resource quality.
- The downside of investment is risk. There is no guarantee that you'll get something tomorrow.
Let's consider this basic tradeoff between capital and consumption.- Capital and consumption are the two basic types of goods needed for investment. If we produce more calibrators (capital), then we give up some jogging shoes (consumption).
- This tradeoff IS the fundamental act of investment. In the graph to the right, if we move from bundle A to E to I, we are giving up jogging shoes and getting calibrators.
We are investing!
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AGGREGATE DEMAND CURVE A graphical representation of the relation between aggregate expenditures on real production and the price level, holding all ceteris paribus aggregate demand determinants constant. The aggregate demand (AD) curve is one side of the graphical presentation of the aggregate market. The other side is occupied by the long-run aggregate supply curve and/or the short-run aggregate supply curve. The negative slope of the aggregate demand curve captures the inverse relation between aggregate expenditures on real production and the price level. This negative slope is attributable to the interest-rate, real-balance, and net-export effects.
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ORANGE REBELOON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for a specialty store trying to buy either a black duffle bag with velcro closures or any book written by Isaac Asimov. Be on the lookout for cardboard boxes.
Your Complete Scope
This isn't me! What am I?
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
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"We succeed in enterprises (that) demand the positive qualities we possess, but we excel in those (that) can also make use of our defects." -- Alexis de Tocqueville, Statesman
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ADR
American Depositary Receipt, Asset Depreciation Range
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