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WELFARE ECONOMICS: A branch of economics that studies efficiency and the overall well-being of society based on alternative allocations of scarce resources. Welfare economics extends the microeconomic analysis of indifference curves to society as a whole. It is concerned with broad efficiency questions and criteria (Pareto efficiency and Kaldor-Hicks efficiency) as well as more specific efficiency issues (market failures, externalities, public goods).

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Lesson Contents
Unit 1: Measuring Production
  • An Indicator
  • Total Market Value
  • Final Goods and Services
  • Given Year
  • Unit 1 Summary
  • Unit 2: Looking Behind GDP
  • Ins and Outs
  • Past and Future
  • Estimated Value
  • Home Production
  • Illegal Goods
  • GDP
  • Real GDP
  • Unit 2 Summary
  • Unit 3: Two Views of GDP
  • Demand and Supply
  • Expenditures
  • Resources
  • Unit 3 Summary
  • Unit 4: Measuring Income
  • National Income
  • Personal Income
  • IEBNR
  • IRBNE
  • Unit 4 Summary
  • Unit 5: Issues
  • What It Does
  • What It Doesn't Do
  • Unit 5 Summary
  • Course Home
    Gross Domestic Product

    This lesson investigates one of the most noted and important measures of macroeconomic activity -- gross domestic product (GDP). GDP measures the total production of goods and services that, in principle, are available to satisfy consumers wants and needs. We see the ins and outs of the GDP measure. As a bonus, we also get a close look at several related measures of production and income, including net domestic product (NDP), national income (NI), personal income (PI), and disposable income (PI).

    • In the first unit of this lesson, we take a look at the process of measuring gross domestic product, including what, in principle, is being measure.
    • The second unit the turns to a detailed look at what IS included in GDP and what IS NOT included in the GDP based on the difference between market transactions and economic production.
    • With the third unit we take a look at the two views of measuring GDP -- expenditures and resource costs.
    • Moving on to the fourth unit, we get a look at the three related measures of income -- national income, personal income, and disposable income.
    • And finally, the fifth unit considers a few issues related to measuring GDP, including what BDP does measure and what GDP doesn't measure.

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    PERFECT COMPETITION, SHUTDOWN

    A perfectly competitive firm is presumed to shutdown production and produce no output in the short run, if price is less than average variable cost. This is one of three short-run production alternatives facing a firm. The other two are profit maximization (if price exceeds average total cost) and loss minimization (if price is greater than average variable cost but less than average total cost).

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    APLS

    RED AGGRESSERINE
    [What's This?]

    Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet trying to buy either a set of luggage without wheels or a how-to book on wine tasting. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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    This isn't me! What am I?

    Woodrow Wilson's portrait adorned the $100,000 bill that was removed from circulation in 1929. Woodrow Wilson was removed from circulation in 1924.
    "The greatest things ever done on Earth have been done little by little. "

    -- William Jennings Bryan

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    Association of Accounting Technicians
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