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COMPANY TOWN: A small town closely associated with the production activity by a single firm. The firm is typically the only employer in the town and most of the goods and services sold throughout the town are provided by this firm. Company towns were quite prevalent in the late 1800s and early 1900s during the U.S. industrial revolution, often affiliated with a large mining, lumber, or manufacturing facility that was isolated from major urban areas. The company literally built a town around this facility to provide support services for their employees. The downside, however, was the lack of competition for both the employment of labor (monopsony) and the provision of consumer goods (monopoly). In some cases, the controlling firm exploited its market control creating circumstances not but different from slavery. Such company towns were a key motivation from the formation of labor unions.
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                           INTERCEPT, INVESTMENT LINE: The intercept of the investment line indicates autonomous investment, investment that does not depend on the level of income or production. This can be thought of as investment that the business sector undertakes regardless of the state of the economy. Autonomous investment is affected by the investment expenditures determinants, which cause a change in the intercept and a shift of the investment line. | Investment Line | 
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The investment line, also termed propensity-to-invest line or investment function, shows the relation between investment and income for the business sector. The income and production measures commonly used are national income and gross domestic product.A representative investment line is presented in the exhibit to the right. This red line, labeled I in the exhibit, is positively sloped, indicating that greater levels of income generate greater investment by the business sector. This positive relation indicates that the business sector is inclined to divert higher profits generated by an expanding economy to investment expenditures on capital goods. The investment line graphically illustrates the investment-income relation for the business sector, which is then added to the consumption line to derive the aggregate expenditures line used in Keynesian economics to identify equilibrium income and production. The intercept of the investment line indicates the intersection point between the investment line and the vertical investment axis. The investment line intersects the vertical axis at a value of $2 trillion. Theoretically, this is a minimum "baseline" level of investment, the amount of investment undertaken if income falls to zero. This intersection indicates autonomous investment--investment unrelated to income. Click the [Intercept] button to illustrate. Autonomous investment is investment by the business sector that is unrelated to and unaffected by the level of income or production. This is best indicated by a zero level of income. While individual businesses occasionally come face-to-face with autonomous investment, as their own slice of aggregate income drops to zero, for the aggregate economy autonomous investment is mostly an unlikely theoretical extrapolation. However, from an analytical perspective, the intercept of the investment line is affected by the investment expenditures determinants. These are ceteris paribus factors other than income that affect investment, but which are held constant when the investment line is constructed. Any change in these determinants cause the investment line to shift, which necessarily means a new intercept and a new level of autonomous investment.
Recommended Citation:INTERCEPT, INVESTMENT LINE, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2024. [Accessed: April 19, 2024].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex seeking to buy either an ink cartridge for your printer or a rechargeable battery for your camera. Be on the lookout for florescent light bulbs that hum folk songs from the sixties.
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Woodrow Wilson's portrait adorned the $100,000 bill that was removed from circulation in 1929. Woodrow Wilson was removed from circulation in 1924.
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"The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there." -- Leslie Poles Hartley, Writer
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JFE
Journal of Financial Economics
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