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PI: The abbreviation for personal income, which is the total income received by the members of the domestic household sector, which may or may not be earned from productive activities during a given period of time, usually one year. Personal income is one of three measures of income reported quarterly (every three months) in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

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Lesson 11: Circular Flow | Unit 1: Basic Flow Page: 5 of 22

Topic: The Payment Flow <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

The payment flow goes in the opposite direction of the physical flow. A physical commodity goes one direction through markets and payment goes the other.
  • The household sector buys production from the business sector (counter-clockwise flow) in exchange for payment (clockwise flow) through product markets.
  • The business sector buys resources from the household sector (counter-clockwise flow) in exchange for payment (clockwise flow) through factor markets.
  • Revenue received by the business sector for selling goods is used to pay the factors of production.
  • Factor payments become income used by household sector to buy production from the business sector.
  • The circular flow makes about six cycles around the economy each year.

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MIDPOINT ELASTICITY FORMULA

A simple technique for calculating the coefficient of elasticity by estimating the average elasticity for discrete changes in two variables. The distinguishing characteristic of this formula is that percentage changes are calculated based on the average of the initial and ending values of each variable, rather than initial values. An alternative technique is the endpoint elasticity formula.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites wanting to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandfather or a weathervane with a cow on top. Be on the lookout for rusty deck screws.
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The 22.6% decline in stock prices on October 19, 1987 was larger than the infamous 12.8% decline on October 29, 1929.
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